Product carbon footprinting

Product carbon footprinting is the process of quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the life cycle of a product (i.e. a good or service). This involves setting a boundary for the extent of assessment, collecting data for processes and activities within this boundary, calculating associated GHG emissions and reporting the carbon footprint to stakeholders.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA)

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to quantify the environmental impact associated with a product over its entire lifecycle. It differs from product carbon footprinting in that it quantifies multiple environmental categories, for example, resource depletion, ecotoxicity, ozone layer depletion and acidification. Social impacts can also be considered within an LCA, such as child labour, discrimination and cultural heritage.

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Organisational carbon footprinting

Corporate or organisational carbon footprinting is the process of quantifying the GHG emissions associated with the operation of a business. The process first involves defining the organisational boundary (i.e. which process and activities are considered to be part of the organisation), collecting data on these processes and activities, calculating the GHG inventory and reporting the carbon footprint. The scope of assessment usually includes direct (scope 1) and energy indirect (scope 2) GHG emissions and removals. However, increasingly, businesses are looking to widen the scope of assessment to include impacts from the supply chain (scope 3).

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